The Concrete Cylinder Test - Civil Engineering

 The Concrete Cylinder Test

A Key Quality Control Measure for Concrete in Construction

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world. It is strong, durable, and versatile, making it ideal for a wide range of construction projects. However, to ensure the quality of concrete, it is important to perform quality control measures such as the concrete cylinder test.

The concrete cylinder test is a standardized test that is used to evaluate the compressive strength of concrete. It involves casting concrete cylinders and curing them under controlled conditions. After the cylinders have cured for a specific period, they are then subjected to a compressive load until they fail.

The results of the concrete cylinder test are critical to ensuring the quality of concrete construction projects. The compressive strength of concrete is an important parameter that affects the structural integrity of concrete structures. It is essential to ensure that concrete has sufficient compressive strength to withstand the loads that it will be subjected to during its service life.

The concrete cylinder test is conducted in accordance with ASTM C39, which outlines the procedures for casting and testing concrete cylinders. The test is typically conducted on samples of freshly poured concrete, which are representative of the concrete being used in the construction project. The samples are cast in standard molds, which are filled in layers and compacted to remove air voids.

After the samples have been cast, they are cured under controlled conditions. The curing period varies depending on the type of concrete being tested and the specific requirements of the project. The samples are typically cured in a moist environment, which allows the concrete to hydrate and develop its strength.

After the curing period is complete, the samples are tested using a compression testing machine. The machine applies a compressive load to the samples until they fail. The maximum load that the sample can withstand is recorded, and this value is used to calculate the compressive strength of the concrete.

The results of the concrete cylinder test are used to ensure that the concrete meets the required strength specifications. If the results indicate that the concrete does not have sufficient strength, then adjustments can be made to the concrete mix to improve its strength.

In conclusion, the concrete cylinder test is a critical quality control measure for concrete construction projects. It provides important information about the compressive strength of the concrete, which is essential for ensuring the structural integrity of concrete structures. By performing the concrete cylinder test, construction professionals can ensure that their projects meet the required quality standards and regulations, and provide a safe and durable environment for the public.

Who is the first civil engineer in India ?

Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya also spelled as Sir Mokshagondam Visweswarayya, popularly known as Sir MV (15 September 1861 – 12 April 1962) 

Sir MV was an Indian civil engineer and statesman and the 19th Diwan of Mysore, who served from 1912 to 1919. He received India's highest honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 1955. He was knighted as a Knight Commander of the British Indian Empire (KCIE) by King George V for his contributions to the public good. 15 September is celebrated as Engineer's Day in India, Sri Lanka and Tanzania in his memory. He is held in high regard as a pre-eminent engineer of India.

He was the chief engineer responsible for the construction of Krishna Raja Sagara dam in North-West suburb of Mysuru city and chief engineer of flood protection system for the city of Hyderabad.

Who is the first civil engineer in world ?

The first self-proclaimed civil engineer was John Smeaton who constructed the Eddystone Lighthouse. In 1771, Smeaton and some of his colleagues formed the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers, a group of leaders of the profession who met informally over dinner.

FIRST CIVIL ENGINEER IN WORLD (John Smeaton)

John Smeaton FRS (8 June 1724 – 28 October 1792) was an English civil engineer responsible for the design of bridges, canals, harbours and lighthouses. He was also a capable mechanical engineer and an eminent physicist. Smeaton was the first self-proclaimed "civil engineer", and is often regarded as the "father of civil engineering". He pioneered the use of hydraulic lime in concrete, using pebbles and powdered brick as aggregate. Smeaton was associated with the Lunar Society.

The earliest practice of civil engineering may have commenced between 4000 and 2000 BC in ancient Egypt, the Indus Valley Civilization, and Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq) when humans started to abandon a nomadic existence, creating a need for the construction of shelter.

Disciplines of Civil Engineering

This section deals with the civil engineering fields. As a Civil Engineer a massive world of imagination and dreams are opened to us. The Field of civil engineering is so massive that one cant limit itself to any particular field and excel without having a proper knowledge of other related fields.

To Conclude we can say that “Civil Engineering is a reawaken field that requires the knowledge of many disciplines. ”

Below we have a list of disciplines one can choose from:

What is Civil Engineering ?

Engineering is a term applied to the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied to the efficient use of the materials and forces of nature. Engineers are the ones who have received professional training in pure and applied science.Before the middle of the 18th century, large-scale construction work was usually placed in the hands of military engineers. Military engineering involved such work as the preparation of topographical maps, the location, design, and construction of roads and bridges; and the building of forts and docks; see Military Engineering below. In the 18th century, however, the term civil engineering came into use to describe engineering work that was performed by civilians for nonmilitary purposes.

Civil engineering is the broadest of the engineering fields. Its also called Mother Trade of Engineering. Civil engineering focuses on the infrastructure of the world which include Soil Works, Soil Investigation, Water works, Sewerage, Dams, Power Plants, Transmission Towers / Lines, Railroads, Highways, Bridges, Tunnels, Irrigation Canals, River Navigation, Shipping Canals, Traffic Control, Mass Transit, Airport Runways, Terminals, Industrial Plant Buildings, Skyscrapers, etc. Among the important subdivisions of the field are construction engineering, irrigation engineering, transportation engineering, soils and foundation engineering, Airport Engineering, Highway Engineering, geodetic engineering, hydraulic engineering, and coastal and ocean engineering.

Civil engineers build the world’s infrastructure. In doing so, they quietly shape the history of nations around the world. Most people can not imagine life without the many contributions of civil engineers to the public’s health, safety and standard of living. Only by exploring civil engineering’s influence in shaping the world we know today, can we creatively envision the progress of our tomorrows.

Civil Engineering - We Create the World

Concrete Strength Acceptance Criteria IS:456-2000

Strength of concrete is commonly considered its most Important property, although in many practical cases, other characteristics, such as durability and permeability, may in fact be more important. However, the strength of concrete is almost invariably a Important element of structural design and is specified for compliance purposes.

Table 1 : Frequency (IS: 456-2000 clause 15.2.2)
The minimum frequency of sampling of concrete of each grade shall be in accordance with the following:

ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (IS: 456-2000 clause 16)

(A) Compressive strength (Clause 16.1)

The concrete shall be deemed to comply with the strength requirement when both the following conditions are met:

i) The mean strength determined from any group of four non-overlapping consecutive test results, complies with the appropriate limits col. 2 of Table 2.

ii) Any individual test result complies with the appropriate limits in col. 3 Table 2.

(B) Flexural strength (Clause 16.2)
When both the following conditions are met, the concrete complies with the specified flexural strength.
a) The mean strength determine from any group of four consecutive test results exceed the specified characteristic strength by at least 0.3 N/mm²
b) The strength determined from any test result is not less than specified characteristic strength less 0.3 N/mm²

(C) Quantity of Concrete Represented by Strength Test Results (Clause 16.3)

The quantity of concrete represented by a group of four consecutive test results shall include the batches from which the first and last samples were taken together with all intervening batches.

REFERENCES
1. IS: 456-2000 (Fourth Revision) plain and reinforced concrete – Code of Practice, BIS, New Delhi.

Tower Verticality Checking Format

Tower Verticality

In Transmission Line Projects all activity is important from Survey to Stringing.
In between these Tower Erection is a vital activity, In these activity Tower Verticality Checking also a Important Part.

Tower Verticality Must be = 1 in 360

A Format for Keeping Record of Tower Verticality Checking. Its a QA/QC Document and this Document